S.F. Blog:Project Spartan(Edge)のHTML5の準拠度をチェックする

Project Spartanの今のHTML5準拠度ってどれくらいなのか。ということでHTML5 Testを実施し、他のブラウザと比較してみることにした。

総合

まずは総合ポイント。満点は555ポイント。

項目	Spartan	Internet Explorer 11	Chrome 39	Firefox 35
総合	390	348	523	445

IE11よりは良いが、まだまだといったところ。どこでポイントを落としているか各カテゴリで見ていくことにする。

Semantics

Parsing rules (5点満点)

項目	Spartan	Internet Explorer 11	Chrome 39	Firefox 35
小計	5	5	5	5
<!DOCTYPE html> triggers standards mode	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
HTML5 tokenizer	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
HTML5 tree building	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Parsing inline SVG	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Parsing inline MathML	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔

MathMLってインラインで書けるのね。ついさっき知ってしまった。ただ上記の結果はブラウザがSVGとMathMLのインライン記述をパースできればOKとしているようで、実際描画されるかどうかまでは検証していないようである。よってこの項目はポイントはつかない。
SVGは大丈夫だろうけれどもMathMLはどうなのか。ちょっとMathMLのテストを実行してみたけど描画されなかった。今のところFirefoxとSafariがMathMLをサポートしているようである。この項目はサポートしていてもポイントが付かない。

Elements (30点満点)

項目	Spartan	Internet Explorer 11	Chrome 39	Firefox 35
小計	20	16	26	21
Embedding custom non-visible data	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
New or modified elements
Section elements	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Grouping content elements	Partial ○	Partial ○	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Text-level semantic elements	Partial ○	Partial ○	Partial ○	Partial ○
Interactive elements	No ✘	No ✘	Partial ○	No ✘
Global attributes or methods
hidden attribute	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Dynamic markup insertion	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔

このセクションでは10ポイント落としている。IE11のレベルからそう変わっていないようだ。まだ手を付けていないのか。

Grouping content elementsの項目では<ol>のreversed属性がサポートされていない。これは番号付きリストを逆順に表示するものだ。
Text-level semantic elementsの項目では<a>のdownload、ping属性をサポートしていない。さらに<time>エレメントも未サポートである。これはちょっと意外である。
Interactive elementsの項目では<details>、<summary>、<menu>のtype="toolbar"/type="popup"、<dialog>が未サポートである。ただまあこのカテゴリのエレメントは他のブラウザもあまり実装が進んでいない。

Forms（75点満点）

項目	Spartan	Internet Explorer 11	Chrome 39	Firefox 35
小計	34	34	73	49
Field types
input type=text	Partial ○	Partial ○	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
input type=search	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
input type=tel	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
input type=url	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
input type=email	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
input type=date	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	No ✘
input type=month	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	No ✘
input type=week	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	No ✘
input type=time	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	No ✘
input type=datetime	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘
input type=datetime-local	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	No ✘
input type=number	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
input type=range	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
input type=color	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
input type=checkbox	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
input type=image	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
input type=file	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
textarea	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
select	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
fieldset	Partial ○	Partial ○	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
datalist	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
keygen	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	No ✘
output	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
progress	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
meter	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Fields
Field validation	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Association of controls and forms	Partial ○	Partial ○	Yes ✔	Partial ○
Other attributes	Partial ○	Partial ○	Yes ✔	Partial ○
CSS selectors	Partial ○	Partial ○	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Events	Partial ○	Partial ○	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Forms
Form validation	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔

*この項目でSpartanは大きくポイントを落としている。IE11とポイントが同じところを見るとまだ手をつけらていないように見える。こういうところを見るとSpartanはIE11をベースに改良アプローチで作られているのかな？レンダリングエンジンは新たに書き起こしたようだけれどもね。

Microdata（0点満点）

項目	Spartan	Internet Explorer 11	Chrome 39	Firefox 35
小計	0	0	0	0
Microdata	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔

MicrodataはRDF-Liteに移行していくのだろう。なのでサポートされていてもポイントはつかない。

Device Access

Location and Orientation（20点満点）

項目	Spartan	Internet Explorer 11	Chrome 39	Firefox 35
小計	20	15	20	20
Geolocation	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Device Orientation	Yes ✔	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Device Motion	Yes ✔	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔

ここは他のブラウザに追いついた感があるね。いい感じ。ちなみに「Device Orientation」は「方位センサー」、「Device Motion」は「加速度センサー」。

Output（10点満点）

項目	Spartan	Internet Explorer 11	Chrome 39	Firefox 35
小計	5	5	10	10
Full screen support	Yes ✔	Prefixed ✔	Prefixed ✔	Prefixed ✔
Web Notifications	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔

このカテゴリはまだ提案レベル。 Web Notificationsは通知機能。

Input（25点満点）

項目	Spartan	Internet Explorer 11	Chrome 39	Firefox 35
小計	22	0	20	20
Access the webcam	Yes ✔	No ✘	Prefixed ✔	Prefixed ✔
Gamepad control	Yes ✔	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Pointer Events	Yes ✔	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘
Pointer Lock support	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	Prefixed ✔

このカテゴリもまだ提案レベル。だがSpartanが他のブラウザを上回っているが興味深いが、Pointer Lock Supportがなされていないのが痛い。

Multimaedia

Video（35点満点）

ビデオ項目。なんと満点。

項目	Spartan	Internet Explorer 11	Chrome 39	Firefox 35
小計	35	31	31	29
video element	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Subtitles	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Audio track selection	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	No ✘	No ✘
Video track selection	Yes ✔	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘
Poster images	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Codec detection	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Advanced
DRM support	Prefixed ✔	No ✘	Prefixed ✔	No ✘
Media Source extensions	Yes ✔	No ✘	Yes ✔	No ✘
Codecs
MPEG-4 ASP support	Yes ✔	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘
H.264 support	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Ogg Theora support	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
WebM with VP8 support	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
WebM with VP9 support	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔

×が3つあるのに何で満点？実はCodecsはOptionalとなっておりポイントは加算されないのだった。

Audio（35点満点）

さて私個人的には注目のAudio機能。そこそこ良い。

項目	Spartan	Internet Explorer 11	Chrome 39	Firefox 35
小計	25	20	30	25
audio element	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Loop audio	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Preload in the background	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Advanced
Web Audio API	Yes ✔	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Speech Recognition	No ✘	No ✘	Prefixed ✔	No ✘
Speech Synthesis	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	No ✘
Codecs
PCM audio support	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
AAC support	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
MP3 support	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Ogg Vorbis support	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Ogg Opus support	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
WebM with Vorbis support	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
WebM with Opus support	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔

WebAudioがサポートされている！デモサイトでためしたらちゃんと音が鳴った！
CodecsはAACとMP3サポートのみ。最低限か。ほかのもサポートしてほしいのだけれども。

3D, Graphics & Effects

Responsive images

項目	Spartan	Internet Explorer 11	Chrome 39	Firefox 35
小計	5	0	15	0
picture element	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	No ✘
srcset attribute	Yes ✔	No ✘	Yes ✔	No ✘
sizes attribute	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	No ✘

この機能もまだ提案レベル。実はよくわからない。

2D Graphics（25点満点）

項目	Spartan	Internet Explorer 11	Chrome 39	Firefox 35
小計	14	14	23	21
Canvas 2D graphics	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Drawing primitives
Text support	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Path support	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Ellipse support	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	No ✘
Dashed line support	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
System focus ring support	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘
Features
Hit testing support	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘
Blending modes	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Image export formats
PNG support	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
JPEG support	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
JPEG-XR support	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘
WebP support	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	No ✘

Path,Ellipseとかサポートされていないとは意外というか間違い？
canvasはまだ勧告候補なのですな。。

3D Graphics(20点満点)

項目	Spartan	Internet Explorer 11	Chrome 39	Firefox 35
小計	20	20	20	20
WebGL 3D graphics	Prefixed ✔	Prefixed ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔

これはPrefixつきでOKということだ。

Animation

項目	Spartan	Internet Explorer 11	Chrome 39	Firefox 35
小計	5	5	5	5
window.requestAnimationFrame	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔

Connectivity

Communication（35点満点）

項目	Spartan	Internet Explorer 11	Chrome 39	Firefox 35
小計	27	27	35	35
Server-Sent Events	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Beacon	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
XMLHttpRequest Level 2
Upload files	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Response type support	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
WebSocket
Basic socket communication	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
ArrayBuffer and Blob support	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔

Server-Sent EventsサーバーからのPush通信。BeaconはUAからサーバーへ小さなデータを非同期で送るしくみ。

Peer To Peer（20）

項目	Spartan	Internet Explorer 11	Chrome 39	Firefox 35
小計	0	0	15	15
WebRTC 1.0	No ✘	No ✘	Prefixed ✔	Prefixed ✔
ObjectRTC API for WebRTC	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘
Data channel	No ✘	No ✘	Prefixed ✔	Prefixed ✔

このカテゴリへの取り組み具合は貧弱に過ぎる。

Performance & Integration

User interaction（20点満点）

項目	Spartan	Internet Explorer 11	Chrome 39	Firefox 35
小計	17	12	15	19
Drag and drop
Attributes	Partial ○	Partial ○	Yes ✔	Partial ○
Events	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
HTML editing
Editing elements	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Editing documents	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
CSS selectors	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
APIs	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Clipboard
Clipboard API and events	Yes ✔	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔
Spellcheck
spellcheck attribute	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔

Drag and dropの項目はdropzone属性が×。
CSSセレクタは:read-writeと:read-onlyセレクタが×。

Performance（25点満点）

項目	Spartan	Internet Explorer 11	Chrome 39	Firefox 35
小計	21	21	25	25
Native binary data	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Workers
Web Workers	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Shared Workers	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔

Shared Workers が×。惜しい。

Security（40点満点）

項目	Spartan	Internet Explorer 11	Chrome 39	Firefox 35
小計	28	25	33	33
Web Cryptography API	Yes ✔	Prefixed ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Content Security Policy 1.0	Yes ✔	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Content Security Policy 1.1	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘
Cross-Origin Resource Sharing	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Cross-document messaging	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Iframes
Sandboxed iframe	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Seamless iframe	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘
iframe with inline contents	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔

iframe周りの実装は早く進めてほしいね。

History and navigation（10点満点）

項目	Spartan	Internet Explorer 11	Chrome 39	Firefox 35
小計	10	10	10	10
Session history	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔

Offline & Storage

Web applications（25点満点）

項目	Spartan	Internet Explorer 11	Chrome 39	Firefox 35
小計	10	11	13	15
Offline resources
Application Cache	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Service Workers	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘
Content and Scheme handlers
Custom scheme handlers	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Custom content handlers	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔
Custom search providers	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔

うーんこのあたりの知識が乏しい。申し訳ない。。

Storage（35点満点）

項目	Spartan	Internet Explorer 11	Chrome 39	Firefox 35
小計	35	35	35	35
Key-value storage
Session Storage	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Local Storage	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Database storage
IndexedDB	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Objectstore Blob support	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Objectstore ArrayBuffer support	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Web SQL Database	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	No ✘

Web SQLはサポートなしでも問題なし

Files（15点満点）

項目	Spartan	Internet Explorer 11	Chrome 39	Firefox 35
小計	15	15	15	15
Reading files
Basic support for reading files	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Create a Blob from a file	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Create a Data URL from a Blob	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Create an ArrayBuffer from a Blob	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Create a Blob URL from a Blob	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Accessing the file system
FileSystem API	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘
File API: Directories and System	No ✘	No ✘	Prefixed ✔	No ✘

Filesの項目もほぼ問題なし。個人的にはFileSystem APIのサポートがほしいところだけどね。

Streams（5点満点）

項目	Spartan	Internet Explorer 11	Chrome 39	Firefox 35
小計	0	0	0	0
Readable streams	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘
Writable streams	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘

どのブラウザも実装なし

Other

Web Components

項目	Spartan	Internet Explorer 11	Chrome 39	Firefox 35
小計	0	0	10	2
Custom elements	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	No ✘
Shadow DOM	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	No ✘
HTML templates	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
HTML imports	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔	No ✘

むかしHTCとかでIEが先行していた分野だったんだけどねー。

Other

項目	Spartan	Internet Explorer 11	Chrome 39	Firefox 35
小計	17	15	17	20
Styling
Scoped style element	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔
Scripts
Asynchronous script execution	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Runtime script error reporting	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Script execution events	No ✘	No ✘	No ✘	Yes ✔
Base64 encoding and decoding	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
JSON encoding and decoding	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
URL API	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Mutation Observer	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Promises	Yes ✔	No ✘	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Other
Page Visibility	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Text selection	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔
Scroll into view	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔	Yes ✔

まとめ

まとめるほどの知識はないが無理やりまとめると、HTML5 TestでStableとなっている機能についてはほぼほぼ、Proposalについてはまあまあ、Experimentalについては未実装という感じである。Experimentalなんてころころ変わるから様子見かもしれないね。Windows 10のリリースまでには日にちがあるのでこれがどこまで実装されるのか。個人的にはWeb Audioが実装されたのがうれしいね。VP8/VP9の実装がなされるのかも見ものであるが。

ただSpartan自体はまだまだ。なんかおかしな挙動をするしね。

最後に

SunSpider BenchmarkによるJSの速度比較を載せておく。私のマシンでは驚きの結果が。。ほんとかね。。

TEST                   COMPARISON               FROM(Spartan)       TO(Chrome)       DETAILS

===============================================================================

** TOTAL **:           *1.65x as slow*   118.5ms +/- 13.6%   195.5ms +/- 1.4%      significant

===============================================================================

  3d:                  *2.94x as slow*    11.8ms +/- 35.3%    34.7ms +/- 2.6%      significant
    cube:              *2.33x as slow*     4.8ms +/- 43.2%    11.2ms +/- 5.0%      significant
    morph:             *11.2x as slow*     1.1ms +/- 20.5%    12.3ms +/- 2.8%      significant
    raytrace:          *1.90x as slow*     5.9ms +/- 34.0%    11.2ms +/- 4.0%      significant

  access:              *1.85x as slow*     7.9ms +/- 25.7%    14.6ms +/- 3.4%      significant
    binary-trees:      1.43x as fast       2.0ms +/- 0.0%      1.4ms +/- 26.4%     significant
    fannkuch:          *3.00x as slow*     2.4ms +/- 37.7%     7.2ms +/- 4.2%      significant
    nbody:             ??                  2.4ms +/- 37.7%     3.0ms +/- 0.0%      not conclusive: might be *1.25x as slow*
    nsieve:            *2.73x as slow*     1.1ms +/- 20.5%     3.0ms +/- 0.0%      significant

  bitops:              *1.67x as slow*     6.0ms +/- 11.2%    10.0ms +/- 0.0%      significant
    3bit-bits-in-byte: *10.0x as slow*     0.1ms +/- 226.0%     1.0ms +/- 0.0%      significant
    bits-in-byte:      *2.00x as slow*     1.5ms +/- 25.1%     3.0ms +/- 0.0%      significant
    bitwise-and:       *1.30x as slow*     2.3ms +/- 15.0%     3.0ms +/- 0.0%      significant
    nsieve-bits:       *1.43x as slow*     2.1ms +/- 10.8%     3.0ms +/- 0.0%      significant

  controlflow:         ??                  1.5ms +/- 33.7%     1.9ms +/- 27.8%     not conclusive: might be *1.27x as slow*
    recursive:         ??                  1.5ms +/- 33.7%     1.9ms +/- 27.8%     not conclusive: might be *1.27x as slow*

  crypto:              *3.41x as slow*     4.6ms +/- 74.8%    15.7ms +/- 4.3%      significant
    aes:               *1.85x as slow*     3.4ms +/- 33.2%     6.3ms +/- 5.5%      significant
    md5:               *5.88x as slow*     0.8ms +/- 196.6%     4.7ms +/- 10.3%     significant
    sha1:              *11.8x as slow*     0.4ms +/- 226.0%     4.7ms +/- 10.3%     significant

  date:                -                  23.5ms +/- 3.9%     22.4ms +/- 4.6%  
    format-tofte:      *1.31x as slow*     8.5ms +/- 7.1%     11.1ms +/- 4.8%      significant
    format-xparb:      1.33x as fast      15.0ms +/- 3.2%     11.3ms +/- 6.7%      significant

  math:                *2.37x as slow*     6.7ms +/- 16.7%    15.9ms +/- 4.5%      significant
    cordic:            *3.09x as slow*     1.1ms +/- 20.5%     3.4ms +/- 10.9%     significant
    partial-sums:      *1.91x as slow*     5.4ms +/- 9.3%     10.3ms +/- 3.4%      significant
    spectral-norm:     *11.0x as slow*     0.2ms +/- 226.0%     2.2ms +/- 13.7%     significant

  regexp:              *1.098x as slow*    6.1ms +/- 3.7%      6.7ms +/- 5.2%      significant
    dna:               *1.098x as slow*    6.1ms +/- 3.7%      6.7ms +/- 5.2%      significant

  string:              *1.46x as slow*    50.4ms +/- 8.5%     73.6ms +/- 1.3%      significant
    base64:            *5.00x as slow*     1.3ms +/- 52.2%     6.5ms +/- 5.8%      significant
    fasta:             *1.71x as slow*     8.3ms +/- 8.2%     14.2ms +/- 3.2%      significant
    tagcloud:          *1.25x as slow*    18.3ms +/- 6.1%     22.8ms +/- 2.0%      significant
    unpack-code:       *1.31x as slow*    16.3ms +/- 12.6%    21.3ms +/- 1.6%      significant
    validate-input:    *1.42x as slow*     6.2ms +/- 10.6%     8.8ms +/- 5.1%      significant